Jenisch
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Also known as: Fecker, Keßler, Spengler, Laninger, Karner, Roulé, Miré
A people of Germanic origin with a traditionally mobile lifestyle, found in Germany, France and Switzerland (they number 30,000 to 40,000 in each of these countries) as well as Austria (where a few hundred live near Melk). Sometimes referred to as "blond Gypsies", they are often mistaken for Rroms although they are in fact descendants of people displaced by the Thirty Years War. Their language is based chiefly on German and the Alsatian dialect but also contains a handful of Yiddish, Hebrew and Rromani words. They have been persecuted not only by the Third Reich but also by the Swiss authorities (who removed hundreds of Jenisch children from their families between 1926 and 1972). The decline of their traditional occupations (as peddlers, tin and iron workers and knife-grinders, for example) has seen the Jenisch become part of the urban poor and there is currently no sign of them asserting themselves politically. A few Swiss writers and artists are of Jenisch origin.
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