An Indo-European group that settled from the 5th century BC onwards in a vast area south of the Caucasus. They first migrated on a large scale around the year 1080, from the region of Lake Van towards the southern Coast of Asia Minor, driven by the arrival of the Seljukid Turks. They founded the Kingdom of Cilicia which fell to Egyptian Mameluks in 1375. The Armenians subsequently scattered not only throughout the Ottoman Empire but also into central Europe. After the genocide of 1915, which cost the lives of almost two million Western Armenians, the survivors were deported or expelled. It was these Armenians from Anatolia who became the kernel of the worldwide diaspora that now numbers three million: more than a million of them are in the CIS countries, 600,000 in the United States and almost 300,000 in the European Union. For many years Paris was the Western Armenians' cultural centre but nowadays their most significant centre of literary and artistic output seems to be in Lebanon.

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